Deformační a napěťová analýza šroubu a kostní tkáně se zlomeninou zafixovanou pomocí dlahy
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství
Abstract
V oblasti ortopédie a traumatológie sa objavuje celá rada problémov tykajúcich sa fixácie zlomenín pomocou rozličných typov dláh. Vhodná aplikácia dlahy predstavuje neľahkú úlohu, s ktorou sa musí vysporiadať doktor až na operačnej sále. Z hľadiska mechaniky ma počet skrutiek a ich rozmiestnenie zásadný vplyv na proces hojenia. Pokiaľ je skrutiek príliš mnoho, alebo príliš málo, zlomenina sa nehojí správne. To môže viesť až k zlyhaniu implantátu. Táto práca sa zaoberá deformačne napäťovou analýzou skrutiek a kostného tkaniva so zlomeninou zafixovanou pomocou uhlovo stabilnej dlahy. Zaoberá sa vplyvom rôznych geometrických usporiadaní skrutiek na napätie a deformáciu riešenej sústavy. Za týmto účelom bolo využité výpočtové modelovanie pomocou metódy konečných prvkov. Boli vytvorené dva výpočtové modely, na ktorých sa prevádzala analýza rôzneho usporiadania skrutiek. Prvý výpočtový model reprezentuje strednú časť stehennej kosti ktorá je na začiatku procesu hojenia. Pre štyri modely zaťaženia a jedenásť geometrických konfigurácii použitých skrutiek prebehlo celkom 44 výpočtov. Druhý výpočtový model predstavuje koncovú časť stehennej kosti na strane kolena. Model geometrie stehennej kosti bol vytvorený na základe CT (computed tomography) vyšetrenia, geometrický model dlahy na základe 3D skenu. Boli porovnané deformácie a napätie pri troch geometrických konfigurácii skrutiek v priebehu hojenia.
In the field of orthopaedics and traumatology, a whole series of problems appear related to fracture fixation by means of various types of plates. Appropriate application of the plate is the difficult task that a doctor needs to deal with in the operating room. Regarding mechanics, the number of screws and their spacing have a major impact on the healing process. If there are too many screws or lack of them, the fracture does not heal properly. This can lead to implant failure. This work deals with stress-strain analysis of screws and bone tissue with a fracture fixed by LCP. It deals with the influence of different geometrical configurations of the screws on the stress, deformation and strain of the system. For this purpose, the computational modelling was used by means of the finite element method. Two computational models have been created, on which different screw arrangement was analysed. The first computational model represents diaphysis of the femur that is at the beginning of the healing process. For the four load models and eleven geometric configurations and number of the screws, a total of 44 computations were performed. The second computational model represents the distal part of the femur. Femoral geometry model was created based on CT (computed tomography) examination, geometric model of the plate was created by 3D scanning. Deformations and stresses were compared in the three geometric configurations of the screws during the healing process.
In the field of orthopaedics and traumatology, a whole series of problems appear related to fracture fixation by means of various types of plates. Appropriate application of the plate is the difficult task that a doctor needs to deal with in the operating room. Regarding mechanics, the number of screws and their spacing have a major impact on the healing process. If there are too many screws or lack of them, the fracture does not heal properly. This can lead to implant failure. This work deals with stress-strain analysis of screws and bone tissue with a fracture fixed by LCP. It deals with the influence of different geometrical configurations of the screws on the stress, deformation and strain of the system. For this purpose, the computational modelling was used by means of the finite element method. Two computational models have been created, on which different screw arrangement was analysed. The first computational model represents diaphysis of the femur that is at the beginning of the healing process. For the four load models and eleven geometric configurations and number of the screws, a total of 44 computations were performed. The second computational model represents the distal part of the femur. Femoral geometry model was created based on CT (computed tomography) examination, geometric model of the plate was created by 3D scanning. Deformations and stresses were compared in the three geometric configurations of the screws during the healing process.
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Citation
KALNICKÝ, J. Deformační a napěťová analýza šroubu a kostní tkáně se zlomeninou zafixovanou pomocí dlahy [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství. 2017.
Document type
Document version
Date of access to the full text
Language of document
sk
Study field
Inženýrská mechanika a biomechanika
Comittee
prof. Ing. Vladislav Laš, CSc. (předseda)
Ing. Milan Roučka, CSc. (místopředseda)
doc. Ing. Zdeněk Florian, CSc. (člen)
prof. Ing. Přemysl Janíček, DrSc. (člen)
prof. Ing. Jiří Burša, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. László Iván, Ph.D. (člen)
prof. RNDr. Michal Kotoul, DrSc. (člen)
prof. Ing. Jaroslav Zapoměl, DrSc. (člen)
Date of acceptance
2017-06-15
Defence
Student v prezentaci představil odborné komisi svou diplomovou práci. Po prezentaci byly přečteny posudky vedoucího a oponenta diplomové práce a student odpovídal na jeho dotazy. Komise celé jeho vystoupení hodnotila jako výborné.
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení