Typový rodinný dům v 70. letech 20. stol. a v současnosti
Design of catalogue family houses in the 1970s and in present
Abstract
Dnešní záplava rodinných kolonií v příměstských lokalitách a vesnicích České republiky zrcadlí touhu po individuálním bydlení našich obyvatel jako naplnění celoživotního snu o spokojeném bydlení v zeleni, o realizování představy o svobodě a proklamování sociálního statusu. Zdálo by se, že tento trend odstartovali společensko-ekonomické změny v politickém zřízení v roce 1989, ale tisíce rodinných domů typu V tzv. „šumperáků“ a domů typů OKAL 117/38o/L - EI na našem území svědčí o hluboce zakořeněné vazbě člověka s kouskem země, která nezávisle na době, je lidstvem odpradávna naplňována. The aim is to explore the evolution in design of catalogue family houses that are built massively in suburban areas around big cities and in the countryside in the Czech Republic territory. The research strives to find out whether the individual housing nowadays is able to fulfil the basic motivation of people investing in their new way of living, thus asserting their connection with nature, proclamation of social status and the idea of freedom. It would seem that this trend started in the Czech Republic in 1989 with social-economic changes in the political establishment, but thousands of houses of the type called "šumperák" and OKAL 117/38o/L - EI built in our country in the 1970s indicate a deep-rooted connection of man with a piece of land that wanted to be fulfilled regardless of the time. One of possible ways how to conduct an objective research of the single family houses typology is a method of space syntax. Space syntax is a science-based, human-focused approach that investigates relationships between spatial layout and a range of social, economic and environmental phenomena. The investigation conducted on the basis of comparison of already mentioned single family houses popular before the Velvet Revolution and the ones preferred by investors nowadays proves the emerging trend of elimination of storage rooms and technical rooms in the spatial layout. The connection interior-terrace-exterior has improved in terms of getting on one level, but the justified graphs still show that the integration of layout with the exterior is minimal in most of the projects.