The spray produced by pressure-swirl atomizers strongly depends on the character of their internal flow. Flow field inside a swirl chamber of small pressure-swirl spill-return atomizers was examined using high-speed imaging ...

A scaled transparent modular model of pressure-swirl (PS) atomizer was prepared from cast PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate), Perspex™, Plexiglas™) with the aim to achieve a better understanding of internal flow and subsequent ...

The volumetric measurement technique (V3V-Flex©) was used to investigate the spray generated by two pressure swirl atomizers (PSAs). Both a simplex pressure swirl atomizer and a spill-return pressure swirl atomizer were ...

Nebulizers are commonly used devices for inhalation treatment of various disorders. There are three main categories of medical nebulization technology: jet nebulizers, ultrasound nebulizer, and mesh nebulizer. The mesh ...