Molekulární studium intracelulárních změn vyvolaných reakcí mikroorganismů na vnější prostředí
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická
Abstract
Kvasinky žijú v neustále sa meniacom prostredí. Aby prežili tieto výkyvy ich okolitého prostredia, musia sa vedieť rýchlo a efektívne prispôsobiť novým podmienkam. Jedným z aspektov takejto bunkovej adaptácie je reorganizácia génovej expresie na program vyžadovaný pre rast v novom prostredí. Dôsledkom tejto reorganizácie genómu sú zmeny v metabolizme a fyziológií kvasiniek. Molekulárna odpoveď bunky určuje či sa organizmus adaptuje, prežije alebo zahynie. Predložená dizertačná práca sa zaoberá štúdiom vplyvu environmentálnych zmien na genóm a metabolóm vybraných karotenogénnych kvasiniek. Kvasinky boli kultivované jednak za optimálnych podmienok a jednak v oxidačnom a ozmotickom strese a na rôznych odpadových materiáloch (srvátke, zemiakovom odpade a pod.). V prítomnosti stresu bola pozorovaná zvýšená produkcia biologicky významných karotenoidov. Takáto obohatená biomasa môže nájsť svoje uplatnenie v biotechnologickom priemysle, napr. ako krmivo pre zvieratá. Možnosťou štúdia odozvy mikroorganizmov na environmentálny stres je aj príprava transformantov s deléciou vybraných génov a ich analýza. V ďalšej časti práce bola prevedená delécia vybraných génov kvasinky Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Zvolená technika je založená na knockoute konštruktov, ktoré obsahujú regióny homologické s deletovaným génom. Analýzou vytvorených transformantov boli identifikované proteíny potrebné pri meiotickej segregácií chromozómov.
In nature yeast cells live in a rapidly changing environment. In order to survive constant fluctuations in their external surroundings cells quickly and effectively adapt their internal systems to meet the challenges of each new environment. One aspect of this cellular adaptation is the reorganization of genomic expression to the program required for growth in each environment. This genomic reorganization results in altered cell’s metabolome and physiology. The molecular responses elicited by the cells dictate whether the organism adapts, survives or, if injured beyond repair, undergoes death. In this work, genomic, proteomic and metabolic profiles of some carotenogenic yeasts grown in optimal and stress conditions were compared. To increase the yield of carotenoid pigments, several types of environmental changes as well as nutrition stress were applied. Yeasts were cultivated under osmotic, oxidative and metal stress, on different carbon sources or on various waste materials (whey, potato extract). Some chemical and UV mutants were also prepared and tested. Changes on yeast metabolome level were studied by RP-HPLC/MS technique used to carotenoid analysis. Another possibility to study stress response is preparation of transformed cells with deletion of definite genes. For setup, the method was first optimized for fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Technique is based on knockout constructs that contain regions homologous to the target gene cloned into vectors carrying dominant drug-resistance markers. As transformation vector plasmid pCloneKanmx confering resistance to geneticine was used. The vector and constructs were digested by relevant restriction endonucleases, ligated, amplified in E.coli and transformed into the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe sp286. Positive transformants were selected according to resistance to geneticine and checking PCR products. By analysis of transformants proteins required for meiotic chromosome segregation were identified.
In nature yeast cells live in a rapidly changing environment. In order to survive constant fluctuations in their external surroundings cells quickly and effectively adapt their internal systems to meet the challenges of each new environment. One aspect of this cellular adaptation is the reorganization of genomic expression to the program required for growth in each environment. This genomic reorganization results in altered cell’s metabolome and physiology. The molecular responses elicited by the cells dictate whether the organism adapts, survives or, if injured beyond repair, undergoes death. In this work, genomic, proteomic and metabolic profiles of some carotenogenic yeasts grown in optimal and stress conditions were compared. To increase the yield of carotenoid pigments, several types of environmental changes as well as nutrition stress were applied. Yeasts were cultivated under osmotic, oxidative and metal stress, on different carbon sources or on various waste materials (whey, potato extract). Some chemical and UV mutants were also prepared and tested. Changes on yeast metabolome level were studied by RP-HPLC/MS technique used to carotenoid analysis. Another possibility to study stress response is preparation of transformed cells with deletion of definite genes. For setup, the method was first optimized for fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Technique is based on knockout constructs that contain regions homologous to the target gene cloned into vectors carrying dominant drug-resistance markers. As transformation vector plasmid pCloneKanmx confering resistance to geneticine was used. The vector and constructs were digested by relevant restriction endonucleases, ligated, amplified in E.coli and transformed into the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe sp286. Positive transformants were selected according to resistance to geneticine and checking PCR products. By analysis of transformants proteins required for meiotic chromosome segregation were identified.
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Citation
ČARNECKÁ, M. Molekulární studium intracelulárních změn vyvolaných reakcí mikroorganismů na vnější prostředí [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. 2009.
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Document version
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Language of document
en
Study field
Chemie životního prostředí
Comittee
prof. RNDr. Milada Vávrová, CSc. (předseda)
prof. Ing. Stanislav Kráčmár, DrSc., oponent (člen)
doc. RNDr. Miroslav Němec, CSc., oponent (člen)
prof. MVDr. Jiří Pikula, Ph.D., oponent (člen)
prof. RNDr. Miroslava Beklová, CSc. (člen)
prof. Ing. Josef Čáslavský, CSc. (člen)
doc. RNDr. Ivana Márová, CSc., školitel (člen)
Date of acceptance
2009-12-14
Defence
Ing. Čarnecká nejdříve přednesla powerpointovou prezentaci své práce. Poté byly čteny oponentské posudky, ve kterých byla obsažena řada dotazů, na které doktorandka odpověděla uspokojivým způsobem.
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení