Analýza biodegradabilních plastů v půdách
Loading...
Date
Authors
ORCID
Advisor
Referee
Mark
A
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická
Abstract
V současnosti stoupá zájem o využívání biodegradabilních polymerů a to bez ohledu na možné riziko vzniku reziduí. Využívané metody, které jsou schopny rezidua stanovit, zahrnují nutnost předúpravy vzorků a jsou finančně a časově náročné. Proto se tato bakalářská práce zaměřuje na vývoj a ověření analytické metody, která by byla schopna identifikovat a kvantifikovat rezidua biodegradabilních polymerů v půdách a to tak aby eliminovala problémy vznikající při předúpravě vzorku. K analýze byla proto využita termogravimetrie, která se jeví jako metoda splňující výše uvedené podmínky. Zkoumala se oblast degradace polymeru v třech typech půd při termické oxidaci, ale také vliv polymeru na půdy při analýze. Představitelem biodegradabilních polymerů byl zvolen poly(3-hydroxybutryrát) a k jeho detekci a kvantifikaci byly využity dva přístupy. Metody byly testovány pro 6 koncentrací poly(3 hydroxybutryrátu) (0,1; 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 5 %). První přístup se zaměřoval na analýzu polymeru s využitím slepého (nekontaminovaného) vzorku, který byl od kontaminovaného odečten. Pomocí této metody byl sledován teplotní interval degradace polymeru a změny hmotnostních úbytků v tomto intervalu. Druhá metoda byla zaměřena na půdní univerzální model, který umožňuje identifikovat a kvantifikovat vzorky i v případě, kdy slepý vzorek není přítomen. Slepý vzorek simuluje 19 rovnic, které umožňují identifikovat intervaly, v kterých dochází k degradaci vzorku a částečně také odhadnout, o jaký vzorek se jedná. Analýza hlavních komponent ale naznačila, že metoda je citlivá na typ půdy a metoda potřebuje další úpravy. Kvůli ověření citlivosti metody pro případ částečného nebo úplného rozložení vzorků půdními mikroorganismy byly vzorky inkubovány po dobu 4 měsíců. Poté byly porovnány koncentrace poly(3 hydroxybutryrátu) v půdě stanovené pomocí respirometrie a termogravimetrie. Výsledky naznačily, že mohlo dojít k akcelerované degradaci způsobené poly(3 hydroxybutryrátem) případně ke kontaminaci vzorku okolní atmosférou při respiraci. Výsledky ukázaly, že pomocí termogravimetrické analýzy lze stanovit biodegradabilní polymery v půdách. Metoda využívající slepý vzorek prokazuje dobré výsledky, ale je limitována požadavkem na existenci slepého vzorku. Metoda využívající půdní univerzální model (bez slepého vzorku) má do budoucna veliký potenciál, ale k jejímu plnohodnotnému uplatnění je ještě třeba provést úpravy.
Currently, there is a growing interest in usage of biodegradable polymers, regardless of their possible risk of generation of residues. The methods that are used for determination of residues usually include pre-treatment and are expensive and time consuming. Therefore, this bachelor thesis focuses on the development and verification of analytical method that would identify and quantify of biodegradable polymer residues in soils to eliminate the problems arising from sample pre-treatment. Therefore, thermogravimetry, which appears to satisfy the above conditions, was used for the analysis. The area of polymer degradation in three types of soils during thermal oxidation and the effect of polymer on soil during the analysis was investigated. Poly(3 hydroxybutyrate) was chosen to be the representative biodegradable polymer and there were two approaches used to its detection and quatification. The methods were tested for 6 concentrations of poly(3–hydroxybutyrate) (0,1; 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 5 %). The first approach concentrated on the usage of polymer analysis in the presence of a blank (without contaminat), which was subtracted from the blank. Using this method, the temperature interval of polymer degradation and weigh loss changes in this interval were observed. The second method focused on a soil universal model, that allows the identification and quatification of samples when the blank is not present. The blank is simulated by 19 equations, that allow the identification of intervals, in which degradation of samples occurs and also it provides the possibility to determinate the type of the polymer. However, the principle component analysis indicated that the method is sensitive to the type of soil and therefore it needs adjustments. Samples were incubated for 4 months, to verify the sensitivity of the method, in case of partial or complete decomposition of samples by soil microorganisms,. Thereafter, the concentrations of poly(3-hydroxybutryrate) in soil determined by respirometry and thermogravimetry were compared. The results indicated that accelerated degradation caused by poly(3-hydroxybutrylate) or contamination of the sample with the surrounding atmosphere during respiration may have occurred. Residual poly(3–hydroxybutyrate) was thermogravimetrically verified and results were compared to respirometry. According to the results it can be observed that there was an interaction between the soil organic matter and biota or contamination of the sample with the surrounding atmosphere. The results revealed, that there is a possibility of determination of biodegradable polymers in soils by thermogravimetric analysis. There are good results using the blank method, but it is limited by the existence of a blank. The method that is using the soil universal model (without blank) has a great potential in the future, but adjustments still need to be done.
Currently, there is a growing interest in usage of biodegradable polymers, regardless of their possible risk of generation of residues. The methods that are used for determination of residues usually include pre-treatment and are expensive and time consuming. Therefore, this bachelor thesis focuses on the development and verification of analytical method that would identify and quantify of biodegradable polymer residues in soils to eliminate the problems arising from sample pre-treatment. Therefore, thermogravimetry, which appears to satisfy the above conditions, was used for the analysis. The area of polymer degradation in three types of soils during thermal oxidation and the effect of polymer on soil during the analysis was investigated. Poly(3 hydroxybutyrate) was chosen to be the representative biodegradable polymer and there were two approaches used to its detection and quatification. The methods were tested for 6 concentrations of poly(3–hydroxybutyrate) (0,1; 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 5 %). The first approach concentrated on the usage of polymer analysis in the presence of a blank (without contaminat), which was subtracted from the blank. Using this method, the temperature interval of polymer degradation and weigh loss changes in this interval were observed. The second method focused on a soil universal model, that allows the identification and quatification of samples when the blank is not present. The blank is simulated by 19 equations, that allow the identification of intervals, in which degradation of samples occurs and also it provides the possibility to determinate the type of the polymer. However, the principle component analysis indicated that the method is sensitive to the type of soil and therefore it needs adjustments. Samples were incubated for 4 months, to verify the sensitivity of the method, in case of partial or complete decomposition of samples by soil microorganisms,. Thereafter, the concentrations of poly(3-hydroxybutryrate) in soil determined by respirometry and thermogravimetry were compared. The results indicated that accelerated degradation caused by poly(3-hydroxybutrylate) or contamination of the sample with the surrounding atmosphere during respiration may have occurred. Residual poly(3–hydroxybutyrate) was thermogravimetrically verified and results were compared to respirometry. According to the results it can be observed that there was an interaction between the soil organic matter and biota or contamination of the sample with the surrounding atmosphere. The results revealed, that there is a possibility of determination of biodegradable polymers in soils by thermogravimetric analysis. There are good results using the blank method, but it is limited by the existence of a blank. The method that is using the soil universal model (without blank) has a great potential in the future, but adjustments still need to be done.
Description
Citation
PALUCHOVÁ, N. Analýza biodegradabilních plastů v půdách [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. 2019.
Document type
Document version
Date of access to the full text
Language of document
cs
Study field
Chemie a technologie ochrany životního prostředí
Comittee
prof. RNDr. Milada Vávrová, CSc. (předseda)
prof. Ing. Jiří Kučerík, Ph.D. (místopředseda)
doc. MVDr. Helena Zlámalová Gargošová, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. Ing. Jozef Krajčovič, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. RNDr. Josef Novosad, CSc. (člen)
Ing. Václav Mergl, CSc. (člen)
Date of acceptance
2019-06-10
Defence
Studentka prezentovala klíčové výsledky své bakalářské práce. Poté komise vyslechla posudky vedoucího práce a oponenta. Studentka pohotově reagovala na doplňující dotazy členů komise. Prokázala výbornou orientaci v dané problematice. Vyjádřila se k jednotlivým připomínkám a dotazům. Po diskuzi následovalo hodnocení závěrečné práce.
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení