Vliv pH na extrakci látek z komplexu biouhel-půda
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická
Abstract
Biouhlie je jedným z možných riešení ako zlepšiť úrodnosť pôd, preto je potrebné preskúmať jeho zloženie a vplyv na pôdu za rôznych podmienok. Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je zamerať sa na popis vplyvu pH na množstvo a typ látok (molekúl, iónov), ktoré sú vylúhované z biouhlia do pôdy a následne, tak môžu ovplyvniť jej vlastnosti. Za modelovú pôdu bola zvolená kambizem, ktorá je najrozšírenejšia pôda v Českej republike. Zvolené hodnoty pH boli definované tak, aby pokrývali rozsah pH, ktorý je bežný pre rôzne typy pôd prírodných podmienkach. V rámci experimentálnej časti práce boli najprv charakterizované výluhy z použitého vzorku biouhlia a pôdy. Takto získané charakteristiky boli porovnané s dátami získanými pre výluhy z komplexu biouhlie – pôda, ktorý bol získaný po definovanej dobe kultivácie tejto zmesi. Pre účely charakterizácie získaných výluhov boli využité jednako základné fyzikálno-chemické metodiky (pH, konduktivita, elementárna a termogravimetrická analýza, UV-VIS), ale taktiež analýza vylúhovaných typov iónov pomocou ICP/OES a molekúl GC-MS. Z vyhodnotených experimentálnych dát vyplýva, že pri danom nastavení kultivačných experimentov bol pozorovaný vplyv biouhlia iba na základné fyzikálno-chemické charakteristiky pôdy (hlavne pH), naopak nebol zistený výrazný trend vplyvu biouhlia na zastúpenie zvolených prvkov a obsah organickej hmoty v pôde. Vhodným riešením by mohli byť dlhodobé kultivačné experimenty komplexu biouhlie – pôda.
Biochar is one of the possible solutions to improve the soil fertility, therefore it is necessary to investigate both its composition and the impact on the soil under various conditions. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to focus on the description of the influence of pH on the amount and type of substances (molecules, ions) that are leached from the biochar into the soil and thus consequently influence its properties. As a soil model it was chosen cambisol which is the most widespread soil in the Czech Republic. The selected pH values have been defined in such a way to cover the pH range that is common for various soil types in natural conditions. In the experimental part of this thesis the extracts from the used sample of biochar and soil were characterized first. These characteristics obtained in this way were subsequently compared with the data obtained for the biochar-soil complex extracts that was obtained after a defined period of cultivation of the mixture. For the characterization of extracts the basic physico-chemical methods (pH, conductivity, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, UV-VIS) and also the analysis of leached ions and molecules by means of ICP/OES, GC-MS were used. Evaluated experimental data show that under the condition of cultivation experiments, the influence of biochar was observed only on the basic physico-chemical characteristics of the soil (mainly pH). On the other hand, there was no significant tendency of the impact of biochar on the representation of selected elements and on the content of organic matter in the soil. Long-term biochar-soil cultivation experiments could be a suitable solution.
Biochar is one of the possible solutions to improve the soil fertility, therefore it is necessary to investigate both its composition and the impact on the soil under various conditions. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to focus on the description of the influence of pH on the amount and type of substances (molecules, ions) that are leached from the biochar into the soil and thus consequently influence its properties. As a soil model it was chosen cambisol which is the most widespread soil in the Czech Republic. The selected pH values have been defined in such a way to cover the pH range that is common for various soil types in natural conditions. In the experimental part of this thesis the extracts from the used sample of biochar and soil were characterized first. These characteristics obtained in this way were subsequently compared with the data obtained for the biochar-soil complex extracts that was obtained after a defined period of cultivation of the mixture. For the characterization of extracts the basic physico-chemical methods (pH, conductivity, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, UV-VIS) and also the analysis of leached ions and molecules by means of ICP/OES, GC-MS were used. Evaluated experimental data show that under the condition of cultivation experiments, the influence of biochar was observed only on the basic physico-chemical characteristics of the soil (mainly pH). On the other hand, there was no significant tendency of the impact of biochar on the representation of selected elements and on the content of organic matter in the soil. Long-term biochar-soil cultivation experiments could be a suitable solution.
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Citation
JAKUBČEKOVÁ, K. Vliv pH na extrakci látek z komplexu biouhel-půda [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. 2019.
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Document version
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Language of document
sk
Study field
Spotřební chemie
Comittee
prof. Ing. Martina Klučáková, Ph.D. (předseda)
prof. Ing. Michal Veselý, CSc. (místopředseda)
prof. Ing. Ladislav Omelka, DrSc. (člen)
doc. Ing. František Šoukal, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. Mgr. Martin Vala, Ph.D. (člen)
Date of acceptance
2019-06-18
Defence
Student prezentoval řešenou práci, její teoretická východiska a vlastní výsledky, zodpověděl dotazy položené oponentem a následně byly poleženy dotazy členů komise. Omelka – vysvětlete pojem biouhlíŠoukal – co je kambizem? Jak bylo nastaveno pH?Vala – proč byly stanoveny obsahy kovů?Student prokázal výbornou orientaci v dané problematice a schopnost samostatné prezentace získaných výsledků.
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení