Tvorba písma OpenType volně dostupnými softwarovými prostředky
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií
Abstract
Práca podrobne spracováva súčasnú problematiku typografie a počítačového písma formátu OpenType. Zo začiatku sa venuje historickému vývoju písma, kde kladie dôraz hlavne na vývoj rímskeho písma a latinky a popisuje ich vlastnosti. Po uvedení základov typografie sa práca koncentruje na problematiku digitálneho písma a fontu s dôrazom na možnosti formátu digitálneho písma OpenType. Boli vymenované jeho charakteristické vlastnosti a výhody oproti iným formátom a bol vyhodnotený ako vhodný formát aj pre výučbu tvorby písma. Prestrkávanie a kerning boli spomenuté medzi základnými grafickými úpravami vytváraného písma. V teoretickej časti práce boli skúmané z dostupných programov určených k tvorbe fontu vo formáte OpenType. Do prehľadu okrem voľne dostupných prostriedkov boli zaradené i komerčné verzie z dôvodu absencie pokročilejších nástrojov a funkcií u voľne dostupných programov. Vyhodnotenie ukázalo, že najvhodnejší pre výučbu sú komerčný program Fontlab Fontographer, voľne šírený Type lite a Fontforge určený pre platformu Open-source. Praktická časť práce sa obmedzila na dva vybrané programy pre tvorbu hlavných charakteristík písma. Zisťovalo sa, či je možné získať rovnaké výsledky s použitím oboch programov. Program Fontographer umožnil pracovať so širokou paletou nástrojov určených k vektorovému spracovaniu grafiky obdobným nástrojom Adobe Illustrator. V prípade programu Type lite bolo nástrojov podstatne menej, čo postačuje na jednouchú prácu a zoznámenie s tvorbou digitálneho písma. Nedostatkom freeware je absencia funkcií kerning, spacing, či hinting. Z porovnania možností programov vyplýva, že voľne dostupné programy pre OS Windows svojou funkcionalitou postačujú pre výučbu iba základných charakteristík digitálneho písma. Najlepšou voľbou v oblasti voľne dostupných programov je program Fontforge pre OS Linux, ktorý menované typografické funkcie podporuje. Pre výučbu základných charakteristík písma formátu OpenType bol odporučený program Fontographer. Náplňou diplomovej práce bolo tiež zostavenie doporučeného pracovného postupu tvorby základných charakteristík písma OpenType pre študentov, ktorý je zaradený v prílohe na konci práce.
In thesis themes of typography and computer font of OpenType format is described in details. At the beginning attention is paid to historical development of typeface, where stress is laid mainly on development of Roman and white letter with their characteristics. Having presented basis of typography work is concentrated on topic of digital font with emphasis on possibilities of OpenType format. Further its characteristics and advantages were listed compared to another formats and it was evaluated as format appropriate also for creating font in education process. Letterspacing and kerning were mentioned between basic graphical modifications in creating fonts. In theoretical part of the thesis they were examined in available programs designed for creating font in OpenType format. Except free available means into summary were included also commercial types due to absence of more advanced instruments and functions with free available applications. In evaluation was found that the most convenient for education is Fontlab Fontographer commercial program, free Type lite and Fontforge indicated for Open-source platform. Practical part of the thesis is focused on two chosen programs for creating main font characteristics. The goal was to detect if it is possible to reach identical results when using both programs. Fontographer program enabled to use wide tool palette dedicated to vector graphic processing by means of Adobe Illustrator similar instrument. In the case of Type lite program there were rather less instruments, what is sufficient for elementary work and familiarization with creating of digital typeface. Freeware shortage is basic absence of kerning, spacing or hinting functions. Comparing program possibilities, it falls that freeware programs based on OS Windows with their functionality are sufficient only for entry level users. The best option within free available programs is Fontforge for OS Linux which supports mentioned typographic functions. Fontographer was recommended for teaching of basic characteristics of OpenType font format. Another goal of the thesis was creating of recommended work procedure for creating basic characteristics of OpenType font for students, that is enclosed at the end of the thesis.
In thesis themes of typography and computer font of OpenType format is described in details. At the beginning attention is paid to historical development of typeface, where stress is laid mainly on development of Roman and white letter with their characteristics. Having presented basis of typography work is concentrated on topic of digital font with emphasis on possibilities of OpenType format. Further its characteristics and advantages were listed compared to another formats and it was evaluated as format appropriate also for creating font in education process. Letterspacing and kerning were mentioned between basic graphical modifications in creating fonts. In theoretical part of the thesis they were examined in available programs designed for creating font in OpenType format. Except free available means into summary were included also commercial types due to absence of more advanced instruments and functions with free available applications. In evaluation was found that the most convenient for education is Fontlab Fontographer commercial program, free Type lite and Fontforge indicated for Open-source platform. Practical part of the thesis is focused on two chosen programs for creating main font characteristics. The goal was to detect if it is possible to reach identical results when using both programs. Fontographer program enabled to use wide tool palette dedicated to vector graphic processing by means of Adobe Illustrator similar instrument. In the case of Type lite program there were rather less instruments, what is sufficient for elementary work and familiarization with creating of digital typeface. Freeware shortage is basic absence of kerning, spacing or hinting functions. Comparing program possibilities, it falls that freeware programs based on OS Windows with their functionality are sufficient only for entry level users. The best option within free available programs is Fontforge for OS Linux which supports mentioned typographic functions. Fontographer was recommended for teaching of basic characteristics of OpenType font format. Another goal of the thesis was creating of recommended work procedure for creating basic characteristics of OpenType font for students, that is enclosed at the end of the thesis.
Description
Keywords
OpenType, font, typografia, typ písma, majuskuly, verzálky, minuskuly, mínusky, druh, rodina, typ, sadzba s pohyblivými literami, Gutenberg, latinka, znak, abeceda, diakritické znamienko, akcentovaný znak, písmová línia, písmovka, horný a dolný index, krivky, kolok, driek písmena, verzálkové a mínuskové číslice, Times New Roman, Hlevetika, Frutiger, strená výška, horný a dolný doťah, serif, duktus, kurzíva, proporcionálne a neproporcionálne písmo, Courier, štvorček, kódovanie, unicode, egyptienka, antikva, grotesk, Bézierova krivka, kerning, prestrkávanie, typ T1, Postskript, TrueType, hinting, Fontlab, Fontographer, Fontstudio, Typetool, Fontcreator, Fontforge, Type lite, Doubletype, obrysy, automatické obkresľovanie, OpenType, font, typography, typeface, majuscules, uppercase, minuscules, lowercase, kind, family, specimen, movable type, Gutenberg, white letter, character, alphabet, diacritical mark, accent, base line, case, superscript, subscript, accented character, curves, stamp, main stroke, aligning and non-aligning figures, Times New Roman, Helvetica, Frutiger, x-height, ascender, descender, serif, weight, cursive, italic, proportional and non-proportional type, Courier, em, coding, unicode, egyptian, antique, grotesque, Bézier curve, kerning, letterspacing, type T1, PostScript, TrueType, hinting, Fontlab, Fontographer, Fontstudio, Typetool, Fontcreator, Fontforge, Type lite, Doubletype, outlines, autotracing
Citation
BEDNÁR, P. Tvorba písma OpenType volně dostupnými softwarovými prostředky [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií. 2011.
Document type
Document version
Date of access to the full text
Language of document
sk
Study field
Telekomunikační a informační technika
Comittee
doc. Ing. Vladislav Škorpil, CSc. (předseda)
Dr. Ing. Jiří Přibil (místopředseda)
Ing. Tomáš Zeman, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. Mgr. Pavel Rajmic, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. Tomáš Mácha, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. Petr Vychodil (člen)
Ing. Michal Polívka, Ph.D. (člen)
Date of acceptance
2011-06-09
Defence
V práci by bylo vhodné uvést i význam slitku (ligatury). Definujte, co je to slitek a uveďte, zdali je uvedenými programy podporován.
Proč není vhodné v případě prací obsahujících malou koncentraci textu (např. reklamní letáky) používat serify?
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení