Venkov- lidé a krajina
Loading...
Date
Authors
ORCID
Advisor
Referee
Mark
B
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury
Abstract
Poľnohospodárstvo prešlo na Slovensku dlhým vývojom. V minulosti znamenalo živobytie, spojenie vidieckeho obyvateľstva, podporovalo vzťahy a vzájomnú súdržnosť. Socialistická kolektivizácia a vznik Jednotných roľníckych družstiev predstavovali násilnú zmenu nerešpektujúcu historický vývoj. Znamenali stratu vzťahu ľudí k pôde a počiatok úpadku poľnohospodárstva, opúšťania vidieka. Družstvo znamenalo ranu pre charakter dediny. Dané prírodné a klimatické podmienky dovtedy podmieňovali vzhľad architektúry, ktorá bola špecifická pre každý región. Hospodárske objekty rodinných statkov boli postupne nahradzované unifikovanými veľkopriestorovými objektami. Mierka nezodpovedajúca svojmu okoliu, nerešpektujúca kontext, narúšala estetiku a sídelnú štruktúru dediny. Po páde režimu a následnej reštitúcii nenastal zamýšľaný návrat vzťahu ľudí k poľnohospodárstvu a družstvá ostali podnikmi bojujúcimi o prežitie a roľníci zamestnancami. Význam vidieka narástol v sfére bývania a upadol v ekonomickom význame. Na jednej strane ostala tradícia s pôvodným obyvateľstvom, na druhej moderna s príchodom mestského obyvateľstva. Množstvo družstiev ostalo na Slovensku buď opustených a chátrajúcich, alebo sa stále využívajú na poľnohospodársku činnosť, ktorá je ale málo efektívna a väčšina objektov v družstvách ostáva nevyužívaných a zanedbaných. Družstvá v minulosti vznikali vo väčšine obcí a tak pri 2759 obciach na Slovensku je ich počet vysoký. Družstvo sa postupným vývojom stalo stopou vo vidieckej krajine, ktorá spôsbuje zbytočný záber pôdy a znemožňuje dedine v jej budúcom raste. Je potrebné, aby v každej obci bolo prítomné družstvo, ktoré je buď opustené alebo využívané len čiastočne? Transformácia priestoru družstva na priestor slúžiaci ľuďom, podporujúci vzájomný vzťah medzi ľuďmi a vzťah ľudí k dedine. Otvorenie priestoru družstva obyvateľom vidieka.
Agriculture in Slovakia has historically gone through many stages of development. In the past, it was the main livelihood strategy for rural populations, where it reinforced social bonds and cooperation. Socialistic collectivization and the creation of Common agricultural cooperatives (JRDs) represented a violent transition that did not respect the historical and cultural traditions and their development. They resulted in rural populations losing their connection with the soil and marked the beginning of the deterioration of Slovak agriculture and depopulation of rural areas. JRDs were thus a massive blow for the character of Slovak countryside. Natural and climate conditions had been until that time the main factors shaping the architecture, which was therefore specific to every region. After JRDs’ arrival, outbuildings of family farms were slowly replaced with uniform large-scale structures. With the scale of these buildings not matching the surrounding environment and context, the aesthetic and residential value of rural areas was distorted. After the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the incipient restitutions that followed, the intended revival of bonds between people and their soil never materialized. “Cooperatives” became companies struggling for survival in the now open market and farmers remained their employees. The importance of the countryside has risen in terms of its residential value, but severely deteriorated in the economic sense. Traditions surviving with the original rural populations mix with new modern elements of the in-migrating urban populations. A number of these cooperatives have gone bankrupt, with their premises abandoned, neglected and becoming derelict. Others have survived only to see most of their agricultural productivity decline relative to competition, which, too, resulted in many of their buildings being unutilized and neglected. Since these JRDs used to be part of the majority of villages, with 2759 rural settlements in Slovakia, their number is bound to be very high. They have left a deep imprint in the countryside which occupies soil and hinders the villages in their development. Is it therefore necessary for every village to have their own cooperative, if they tend to be either abandoned or utilized only partially? Transformation of this space into an area serving locals, supporting reinforcement of their social bonds and bonds with the village itself. Opening up former cooperatives for the rural populations.
Agriculture in Slovakia has historically gone through many stages of development. In the past, it was the main livelihood strategy for rural populations, where it reinforced social bonds and cooperation. Socialistic collectivization and the creation of Common agricultural cooperatives (JRDs) represented a violent transition that did not respect the historical and cultural traditions and their development. They resulted in rural populations losing their connection with the soil and marked the beginning of the deterioration of Slovak agriculture and depopulation of rural areas. JRDs were thus a massive blow for the character of Slovak countryside. Natural and climate conditions had been until that time the main factors shaping the architecture, which was therefore specific to every region. After JRDs’ arrival, outbuildings of family farms were slowly replaced with uniform large-scale structures. With the scale of these buildings not matching the surrounding environment and context, the aesthetic and residential value of rural areas was distorted. After the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the incipient restitutions that followed, the intended revival of bonds between people and their soil never materialized. “Cooperatives” became companies struggling for survival in the now open market and farmers remained their employees. The importance of the countryside has risen in terms of its residential value, but severely deteriorated in the economic sense. Traditions surviving with the original rural populations mix with new modern elements of the in-migrating urban populations. A number of these cooperatives have gone bankrupt, with their premises abandoned, neglected and becoming derelict. Others have survived only to see most of their agricultural productivity decline relative to competition, which, too, resulted in many of their buildings being unutilized and neglected. Since these JRDs used to be part of the majority of villages, with 2759 rural settlements in Slovakia, their number is bound to be very high. They have left a deep imprint in the countryside which occupies soil and hinders the villages in their development. Is it therefore necessary for every village to have their own cooperative, if they tend to be either abandoned or utilized only partially? Transformation of this space into an area serving locals, supporting reinforcement of their social bonds and bonds with the village itself. Opening up former cooperatives for the rural populations.
Description
Citation
MAŤAŤA, T. Venkov- lidé a krajina [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury. 2016.
Document type
Document version
Date of access to the full text
Language of document
cs
Study field
Architektura
Comittee
doc. Ing. arch. Peter Daniel, Ph.D. (předseda)
prof. Ing. arch. Ivan Petelen, CSc. (člen)
doc. Michal Hronský (člen)
doc. Ing. Monika Petříčková, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. arch. Dušan Vostrejž (člen)
Date of acceptance
2016-05-31
Defence
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení