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    Neuromuscular Assessment of a Stand-Up Paddle Stroke
    (MDPI, 2023-12-14) Freitas, Joo Diogo; Conceiço, Ana; Šťastný, Jan; Louro, Hugo; Leito, Luís; Tores, Diana; Marinho, Daniel Almeida; Neiva, Henrique P.
    This study analyzed muscle activity during the stand-up paddle stroke, considering the paddling side and the adjacent and opposing muscles relative to the position of the arms during paddling. Methods: Fourteen male paddleboarders performed three trials covering 195 m in which surface electromyography of the upper trapezius, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius medialis were recorded (four-cycle strokes on each side). The data were processed according to percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (% MVC). The MVC activation values (mu V) for each muscle were then calculated and presented as percentage MVC (% MVC). Results: The recovery phase accounted for 60% of the paddle cycle, while the pull phase represented 39%. During right-side paddling, higher % MVC was found in the opposite-side upper trapezius (24.35%, p < 0.01) during the pulling phase and in the adjacent biceps brachii (8.36%, p < 0.03) during the recovery phase. In left-side paddling, greater % MVC was found in the opposite-side upper trapezius (27.60%, p < 0.01) during the pulling phase and in the opposite-side triceps brachii (42.25%, p < 0.04) during the recovery phase. Furthermore, the pulling phase exhibited higher MVC in the opposite-side upper trapezius compared to the recovery phase, both in the right-side (24.35%, p < 0.03) and left-side (27.60%, p < 0.01) paddling. Conclusions: these findings help establish the muscular activity of both sides of the paddling technique and the differences between the upper and lower limbs.
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    Verification of reliability of measurement systems for swimming analysis
    (UNIV ALICANTE, 2021-03-31) Bátorová, Michaela; Šťastný, Jan; Elfmark, Milan; Janura, Miroslav
    Sophisticated technologies and measuring devices are increasingly being used for the analysis of performance and swimming techniques. At BUT, the Tachograph II and Swimming Inertial Measure Unit (SwIMU) measuring systems were developed for swimming analysis. To evaluate the measured data, the SwimDataViewer software was developed for both measuring systems. To verify the reliability of the Tachograph, 34 race swimmers were measured (15 F, 19 M), and 28 race swimmers (16 M, 12 F) were measured with SwIMU. All swimmers swam a 6x25m front crawl. Pullout and the first three and last two strokes of the arms were not included in the data evaluation. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the reliability of the monitored parameters. The values of measured parameters in the front crawl for Tachograph (SwIMU) were ICC = 0.992 (0.991) for the average value of speed, ICC = 0.958 (0.960) for efficiency, ICC = 0.971 (0.988) for the frequency of the arms, and finally, ICC = 0.978 (0.992) for the frequency of the legs. The ICC coefficient for all monitored parameters in both devices showed a high degree of reliability. From this perspective, both devices are suitable for use in coaching and research practice.
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    Arm–leg coordination during the underwater pull-out sequence in the 50, 100 and 200 m breaststroke start
    (Elsevier, 2021-08-12) Olstad, Bjrn H.; Gonjo, Tomohiro; Conceiço, Ana; Šťastný, Jan; Seifert, Ludovic
    To investigate the arm-leg coordination from different perspectives of motor control during the underwater start sequence to understand whether differences exist between the three competitive breaststroke swimming events.
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    Training, anthropometric and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience
    (Frontiers, 2021-03-15) Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.; Chlíbková, Daniela; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier; Knechtle, Beat
    The aim of the present study was to examine physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experience (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races).The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three or less finishes in marathon races (novice group, NOV; n=69, age 43.5±8.0 years) and four or more finishes (experienced group, EXP; n=66, 45.2±9.4 years) were compared. EXP had faster personal best marathon time (3:44±0:36 vs. 4:20±0:44 h:min, p<0.001, respectively), lower flexibility (15.9±9.3 vs. 19.3±15.9 cm, p=0.022), abdominal (20.6±7.9 vs. 23.8±9.0 mm, p=0.030) and iliac crest skinfold thickness(16.7±6.7 vs. 19.9±7.9 mm, p=0.013), body fat assessed by bioimpedance analysis (13.0±4.4 vs. 14.6±4.7%, p=0.047), more weekly training days (4.6±1.4 vs. 4.1±1.0 days, p=0.038) and longer weekly running distance (58.8±24.0 vs.47.2±16.1 km, p=0.001) than NOV. The findings indicated that long-term marathon training might induce adaptations in endurance performance, body composition and flexibility.
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    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption in a multi stage and a 24-h mountain bike competition
    (Frontiers Editorial Office, 2018-09-10) Chlíbková, Daniela; Ronzhina, Marina; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat
    Purpose: Excessive or inappropriate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use during ultra-endurance events could cause potential risk to athletes’ health. Reports on NSAID consumption in mountain bikers or ultra-mountain bikers are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NSAID consumption immediately before, during and immediately after a mountain bike (MTB) race and to compare NSAID consumption in two different MTB competitions. Methods: This observational study took place at a three-stage MTB race (SMTB) (n = 63) and at a 24-h MTB race (24MTB) (n = 68), both held in the Czechia in 2017. NSAID consumption was evaluated via self-reported electronic questionnaires. Results: Of all finishers (n = 131), fourteen (10%) consumed NSAID at least once during the competition day (immediately before, during or immediately after the race). The number of NSAID consumers was the same in both competitions. Nevertheless, only three athletes (2%), all of them from the 24MTB, consumed NSAID during the race and 5% of all mountain bikers reported consumption after the race. In contrast to the SMTB, the intake reported by the 24MTB participants was quite homogeneous in terms of the timing of NSAID consumption. The NSAID users were older (p = 0.043) than the non-users. Ibuprofen was most commonly used by 79% of all consumers Conclusion: The prevalence of NSAID use was higher in the older participants and seems to be lower in comparison with results from studies about runners, ultra-runners and triathletes suggesting that it is determined by the discipline (i.e., cycling). On the other hand, the timing of NSAID consumption was probably affected by the competition character (e.g., MTBS or 24MTB). Future studies should focus on a larger sample size of cyclists from various disciplines.