Charakterizace materiálů a pokročilé povlaky 1-06

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a straightforward bioimaging tool for plant biologists; the case study for assessment of photon-upconversion nanoparticles in Brassica oleracea L. plant
(Elsevier, 2021-05-01) Modlitbová, Pavlína; Střítežská, Sára; Hlaváček, Antonín; Prochazka, David; Pořízka, Pavel; Kaiser, Jozef
The main purpose of this work is to thoroughly describe the implementation protocol of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method in the plant analysis. Numerous feasibility studies and recent progress in instrumentation and trends in chemical analysis make LIBS an established method in plant bioimaging. In this work, we present an easy and straightforward phytotoxicity case study with a focus on LIBS method. We intend to demonstrate in detail how to manipulate with plants after exposures and how to prepare them for analyses. Moreover, we aim to achieve 2D maps of spatial element distribution with a good resolution without any loss of sensitivity. The benefits of rapid, low-cost bioimaging are highlighted. In this study, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) was treated with an aqueous dispersion of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF4 doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ coated with carboxylated silica shell) in a hydroponic shortterm toxicity test. After a 72-hour plant exposure, several macroscopic toxicity end-points were monitored. The translocation of Y, Yb, and Tm across the whole plant was set by employing LIBS with a lateral resolution 100 um. The LIBS maps of rare-earth elements in B.oleracea plant grown with 50 ug/mL nanoparticle-treated and ion-treated exposures showed the root as the main storage, while the transfer via stem into leaves was minimal. On the contrary, the LIBS maps of plants exposed to the 500 ug/mL nanoparticle-treated and ion-treated uncover slightly different trends, nanoparticles as well as ions were transferred through the stem into leaves. However, the main storage organ was a root as well.
The Effect of the Thermosensitive Biodegradable PLGA–PEG–PLGA Copolymer on the Rheological, Structural and Mechanical Properties of Thixotropic Self-Hardening Tricalcium Phosphate Cement
(MDPI, 2019-01-17) Vojtová, Lucy; Michlovská, Lenka; Valová, Kristýna; Zbončák, Marek; Trunec, Martin; Částková, Klára; Krtička, Milan; Pavliňáková, Veronika; Poláček, Petr; Dzurov, Matej; Lukášová, Věra; Rampichová, Michala; Suchý, Tomáš; Sedláček, Radek; Ginebra, Maria-Pau; Montufar Jimenez, Edgar Benjamin
The current limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) used in the field of bone regeneration consist of their brittleness, low injectability, disintegration in body fluids and low biodegradability. Moreover, no method is currently available to measure the setting time of CPCs in correlation with the evolution of the setting reaction. The study proposes that it is possible to improve and tune the properties of CPCs via the addition of a thermosensitive, biodegradable, thixotropic copolymer based on poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) which undergoes gelation under physiological conditions. The setting times of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (-TCP) mixed with aqueous solutions of PLGA-PEG-PLGA determined by means of time-sweep curves revealed a lag phase during the dissolution of the -TCP particles. The magnitude of the storage modulus at lag phase depends on the liquid to powder ratio, the copolymer concentration and temperature. A sharp increase in the storage modulus was observed at the time of the precipitation of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) crystals, representing the loss of paste workability. The PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer demonstrates the desired pseudoplastic rheological behaviour with a small decrease in shear stress and the rapid recovery of the viscous state once the shear is removed, thus preventing CPC phase separation and providing good cohesion. Preliminary cytocompatibility tests performed on human mesenchymal stem cells proved the suitability of the novel copolymer/-TCP for the purposes of mini-invasive surgery.
Methodology and applications of elemental mapping by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
(ELSEVIER, 2021-02-22) Limbeck, Andreas; Brunnbauer, Lukas; Lohninger, Hans; Pořízka, Pavel; Modlitbová, Pavlína; Kaiser, Jozef; Janovszky, Patrick; Keri, Anita; Galbács, Gábor
In the last few years, LIBS has become an established technique for the assessment of elemental concentrations in various sample types. However, for many applications knowledge about the overall elemental composition is not sufficient. In addition, detailed information about the elemental distribution within a heterogeneous sample is needed. LIBS has become of great interest in elemental imaging studies, since this technique allows to associate the obtained elemental composition information with the spatial coordinates of the investigated sample. The possibility of simultaneous multi-elemental analysis of major, minor, and trace constituents in almost all types of solid materials with no or negligible sample preparation combined with a high speed of analysis are benefits which make LIBS especially attractive when compared to other elemental imaging techniques. The first part of this review is aimed at providing information about the instrumental requirements necessary for successful LIBS imaging measurements and points out and discusses state-of-the-art LIBS instrumentation and upcoming developments. The second part is dedicated to data processing and evaluation of LIBS imaging data. This chapter is focused on different approaches of multivariate data evaluation and chemometrics which can be used e.g. for classification but also for the quantification of obtained LIBS imaging data. In the final part, current literature of different LIBS imaging applications ranging from bioimaging, geoscientific and cultural heritage studies to the field of materials science is summarized and reviewed. 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Polarized Sonic Hedgehog Protein Localization and a Shift in the Expression of Region-Specific Molecules Is Associated With the Secondary Palate Development in the Veiled Chameleon
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2020-07-28) Hampl, Marek; Dumková, Jana; Kavková, Michaela; Dosedělová, Hana; Bryjová, Anna; Zahradníček, Oldřich; Pyszko, Martin; Macholán, Miloš; Zikmund, Tomáš; Kaiser, Jozef; Buchtová, Marcela
Secondary palate development is characterized by the formation of two palatal shelves on the maxillary prominences, which fuse in the midline in mammalian embryos. However, in reptilian species, such as turtles, crocodilians, and lizards, the palatal shelves of the secondary palate develop to a variable extent and morphology. While in most Squamates, the palate is widely open, crocodilians develop a fully closed secondary palate. Here, we analyzed developmental processes that underlie secondary palate formation in chameleons, where large palatal shelves extend horizontally toward the midline. The growth of the palatal shelves continued during post-hatching stages and closure of the secondary palate can be observed in several adult animals. The massive proliferation of a multilayered oral epithelium and mesenchymal cells in the dorsal part of the palatal shelves underlined the initiation of their horizontal outgrowth, and was decreased later in development. The polarized cellular localization of primary cilia and Sonic hedgehog protein was associated with horizontal growth of the palatal shelves. Moreover, the development of large palatal shelves, supported by the pterygoid and palatine bones, was coupled with the shift inMeox2,Msx1, andPax9gene expression along the rostro-caudal axis. In conclusion, our results revealed distinctive developmental processes that contribute to the expansion and closure of the secondary palate in chameleons and highlighted divergences in palate formation across amniote species.
Methodology for the Implementation of Internal Standard to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Soft Tissues
(Sensors, 2021-01-29) Šindelářová, Anna; Pořízka, Pavel; Modlitbová, Pavlína; Vrlíková, Lucie; Kiss, Kateřina; Kaška, Milan; Prochazka, David; Vrábel, Jakub; Buchtová, Marcela; Kaiser, Jozef
The improving performance of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) triggered its utilization in the challenging topic of soft tissue analysis. Alterations of elemental content within soft tissues are commonly assessed and provide further insights in biological research. However, the laser ablation of soft tissues is a complex issue and demands a priori optimization, which is not straightforward in respect to a typical LIBS experiment. Here, we focus on implementing an internal standard into the LIBS elemental analysis of soft tissue samples. We achieve this by extending routine methodology for optimization of soft tissues analysis with a standard spiking method. This step enables a robust optimization procedure of LIBS experimental settings. Considering the implementation of LIBS analysis to the histological routine, we avoid further alterations of the tissue structure. Therefore, we propose a unique methodology of sample preparation, analysis, and subsequent data treatment, which enables the comparison of signal response from heterogenous matrix for different LIBS parameters. Additionally, a brief step-by-step process of optimization to achieve the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is described. The quality of laser–tissue interaction is investigated on the basis of the zinc signal response, while selected experimental parameters (e.g., defocus, gate delay, laser energy, and ambient atmosphere) are systematically modified.

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