Vliv odtoku z čistíren odpadních vod na krasové toky
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební
Abstract
Krasové toky jsou specifické svými hydrografickými poměry. Obvykle přitékají z nekrasového území a téměř okamžitě po přítoku do krasu se propadají do podzemí. Dále protékají jeskynními dutinami, dokud nedojde k jejich vývěru zpět na povrch. Cílem práce bylo posouzení vlivu odtoku z čistíren odpadních vod na krasové toky. Studie byla provedena ve střední části CHKO Moravský kras a posuzuje vliv dvou ČOV na jeskynní systém Rudické propadání – Býčí skála. V rámci práce byl proveden půlroční monitoring, který spočíval v odběru vzorků vody vždy jednou za čtrnáct dní. Celkově bylo provedeno 13 odběrů z 8 odběrných míst. Byly také provedeny 4 jednorázové odběry vod v jeskynním systému. V místě odběru bylo vždy provedeno měření průtoku, teploty, konduktivity, koncentrace kyslíku a hodnota pH. V odebraných vzorcích vody byl následně stanoven obsah nerozpuštěných látek, CHSKCr, BSK5, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43- a Pcelk. Z naměřených hodnot byla zjištěna změna parametrů v čase a během průtoku tokem. Hodnoty odtoků z ČOV byly porovnány s emisními standardy pro vypouštění do povrchových vod a parametry vodních toků byly porovnány s normami environmentální kvality. Z hodnot vyplývá značné zlepšení jakosti toku při průtoku jeskynními prostory. Dle zjištěných výsledků je prokázáno negativní ovlivnění vodních toků sledovanými ČOV. Největším problémem je vyplavování kalu z ČOV Rudice, a jeho následná sedimentace v toku, nebo odtok do Rudického propadání.
Karst rivers are special type of rivers because of their hydrography conditions. They usually flow from non-karst area and as soon as they reach in to the karst area they disappear underground. There, they flow through cavities until they reach the surface again. The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the central area of CHKO Moravský kras where the impact of two WWTP on a cave system Rudické propadání – Býčí skála is evaluated. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling once every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Also 4 additional one-time samples were taken from the cave system. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, CODCr, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43- and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time and during the flow in the river was observed from the measured values. The balance of pollutants in particular parts of the river was calculated. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared to the emission limits for surface waters and the parameters of rivers were compared to the environmental quality standards. According to the results, it can be observed that the water quality improves after passing through the cavities. It was proven that the outflows from the observed waste water treatment plants are negatively influencing the water streams. The most serious problem is the wash up of sludge from WWTP Rudice and its consequent sedimentation in the river and/or outflow to the Rudické propadání.
Karst rivers are special type of rivers because of their hydrography conditions. They usually flow from non-karst area and as soon as they reach in to the karst area they disappear underground. There, they flow through cavities until they reach the surface again. The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the central area of CHKO Moravský kras where the impact of two WWTP on a cave system Rudické propadání – Býčí skála is evaluated. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling once every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Also 4 additional one-time samples were taken from the cave system. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, CODCr, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43- and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time and during the flow in the river was observed from the measured values. The balance of pollutants in particular parts of the river was calculated. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared to the emission limits for surface waters and the parameters of rivers were compared to the environmental quality standards. According to the results, it can be observed that the water quality improves after passing through the cavities. It was proven that the outflows from the observed waste water treatment plants are negatively influencing the water streams. The most serious problem is the wash up of sludge from WWTP Rudice and its consequent sedimentation in the river and/or outflow to the Rudické propadání.
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Citation
SCHRIMPELOVÁ, K. Vliv odtoku z čistíren odpadních vod na krasové toky [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební. 2015.
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cs
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Vodní hospodářství a vodní stavby
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2015-02-03
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práce byla úspěšně obhájena
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Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení